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Name:
Hydrofluoric acid 47-51%
Synonym:
Fluohydric acid; Fluoric acid; Hydrofluoric acid solution; HFA; Etching acid; Fluorohydric acid; Hydrogen fluoride in aqueous solution
CAS:
7664-39-3
Section 1 - Chemical Product
MSDS Name:Hydrofluoric acid 47-51%
Synonym:Fluohydric acid; Fluoric acid; Hydrofluoric acid solution; HFA; Etching acid; Fluorohydric acid; Hydrogen fluoride in aqueous solution
Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
CAS# Chemical Name emsds EINECS#
7664-39-3 Hydrofluoric acid 47-51 231-634-8
Hazard Symbols: T+ C
Risk Phrases: 26/27/28 35

Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Causes severe burns.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe burns and possible irreversible eye damage. Solutions as dilute as 2% or lower may cause burns.
Skin:
May be fatal if absorbed through the skin. Causes severe burns with delayed tissue destruction. Substance is rapidly absorbed through the skin. Penetration may continue for several days. Causes severe tissue necrosis and bone destruction. Both liquid and vapor can cause severe burns, which may not be immediately painful or visible.
Solutions as dilute as 2% or lower may cause burns. Systemic fluoride toxicity from exposure to hydrofluoric acid may result in severe hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, and death. Burns caused by weak hydrofluoric acid may go unnoticed for several hours. Therefore, first aid procedures must be followed if any contact is suspected.
Ingestion:
Causes severe digestive tract burns with abdominal pain, vomiting, and possible death. Human fatalities have been reported from acute poisoning. Systemic fluoride toxicity from exposure to hydrofluoric acid may result in severe hypocalcemia (depletion of calcium in the blood), hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, and death.
Inhalation:
May be fatal if inhaled. May cause severe irritation of the upper respiratory tract with pain, burns, and inflammation. May cause pulmonary edema and severe respiratory disturbances. Depletes calcium levels in the body which can lead to hypocalcemia and death.
Concentrations of hydrofluoric acid above 40% fume in air.
Chronic:
Chronic inhalation and ingestion may cause chronic fluoride poisoning (fluorosis) characterized by weight loss, weakness, anemia, brittle bones, and stiff joints. Repeated inhalation may cause chronic bronchitis. Chronic exposure to fluoride compounds may cause systemic toxicity. Skeletal effects may include bone brittleness, joint stiffness, teeth discoloration, tendon calcification, and osterosclerosis. Chronic ingestion or inhalation may cause weight loss, malaise, anemia, leukopenia (reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood), discoloration of the teeth and osteosclerosis (the hardening or abnormal density of bone). Repeated inhalation may cause osteofluorosis and permanent respiratory damage.

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Do NOT allow victim to rub eyes or keep eyes closed. Spills of HF should be flushed until medical attention arrives. SPEEDY ACTION IS CRITICAL! GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY! If a physician is not immediately available, apply one or two drops of 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride solution followed by a second irrigation until medical attention arrives. Tetracaine hydrochloride will provide ocular anesthesia for 20 min. to an hour.
Skin:
Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. Destroy contaminated shoes. Spills of HF should be flushed until medical attention arrives. SPEEDY ACTION IS CRITICAL! GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. If available, after thorough washing (PREFERRED METHOD), a 2.5% calcium gluconate gel should be continuously massaged into the burned area, or the burned area should be immersed in a solution of 0.2% iced aqueous benzethonium chloride.
Immersion may also be done with 0.13% iced aqueous Benzalkonium chloride. If immersion is not practical, towels should be soaked with one of the aforementioned solutions and used as compresses for the burned area. Ideally compresses should be changed every two minutes.
It is suggested that a certain quantity of either prepared solution or the calcium gluconate be kept on hand at all times. These should be replaced annually if not previously used. Before using HF, make sure the solutions, gels and first aid attendant are available in case of exposure.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. SPEED IS ESSENTIAL.
A DOCTOR MUST BE NOTIFIED AT ONCE.
Inhalation:
SPEED IS ESSENTIAL, OBTAIN MEDICAL AID IMMEDIATELY. POISON material.
If inhaled, get medical aid immediately. Remove victim to fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Calcium gluconate, 2.5% in normal saline may be given by nebulizer with oxygen.
Notes to Physician:
Due to delayed and persistent symptoms, observe patient closely for 48 hours. Prompt action is essential in all cases of contact.
Irrigate eyes with 1% calcium gluconate in normal saline for 1 to 2 hours to prevent or lessen corneal damage. For burns of large skin areas, for ingestion & inhalation exposure, severe systemic effects may occur. Monitor & correct for hypocalcemia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypomagnesemia & hyperkalemia. For inhalation exposures, treat as chemical pneumonia.
Antidote: Always have calcium gluconate gel on hand. The use of infilitration therapy and intraarterial therapy for hydrofluoric acid burns resulting from concentrations greater than 20% should be made by qualified medical personnel. Calcium gluconate may be administered intravenously slowly to bind to the fluoride ion. This administration needs to be monitored under the supervision of a physician.

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Reacts with most metals to form highly flammable hydrogen gas which can form explosive mixtures with air. Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.
Extinguishing Media:
Substance is noncombustible; use agent most appropriate to extinguish surrounding fire.

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Wear a self contained breathing apparatus and appropriate personal protection. (See Exposure Controls, Personal Protection section). Provide ventilation. Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Approach spill from upwind. Remove ignition sources since flammable hydrogen gas may be generated by reactions with metals. Spills may produce white fumes of HF gas. Rapid dilution of the spill with water will reduce the amount of fumes given off.
Carefully neutralize the dilute spill with lime slurry, soda ash, limestone, caustic soda or other alkaline material.

Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Discard contaminated shoes. Use caution when opening. Do not breathe vapor or mist. Use only with adequate ventilation or respiratory protection. Do not put even dilute solutions of hydrofluoric acid in glass containers. Always add the acid to water, never the reverse. Never work alone with this chemical.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Corrosives area. Do not store in metal or glass containers. Inspect periodically for damage or evidence of leaks or corrosion. Store in approved containers only. Diking of storage containers is recommended.

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Use process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use a corrosion-resistant ventilation system. If closed handling systems are not feasible, use local exhaust ventilation such as a fumehood (sash should not be glass). Keep the fumehood sash as low as possible.
Exposure Limits CAS# 7664-39-3: United Kingdom, WEL - TWA: 1.8 ppm TWA (as F); 1.5 mg/m3 TWA (as United Kingdom, WEL - STEL: 3 ppm STEL (as F); 2.5 mg/m3 STEL (as United States OSHA: 3 ppm TWA Belgium - TWA: 1.8 ppm VLE; 1.5 mg/m3 VLE Belgium - STEL: 3 ppm VLE; 2.5 mg/m3 VLE France - VLE: 3 ppm VLE; 2.5 mg/m3 VLE Germany: 3 ppm TWA; 2.5 mg/m3 TWA Germany: Skin absorber Japan: 3 ppm Ceiling; 2.5 mg/m3 Ceiling Malaysia: 3 ppm Ceiling (as F); 2.3 mg/m3 Ceiling (as F) Netherlands: 3.3 ppm STEL; 2.5 mg/m3 STEL (as F) Russia: 0.5 mg/m3 TWA Russia: 0.1 mg/m3 STEL Spain: 1.8 ppm VLA-ED; 1.5 mg/m3 VLA-ED Spain: 3 ppm VLA-EC; 2.5 mg/m3 VLA-EC CAS# 7732-18-5: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles and face shield.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Liquid
Color: colorless - fuming
Odor: strong, pungent - irritating odor - penetrating odor
pH: < 2.0
Vapor Pressure: 27 mm Hg @ 21 deg C (49%)
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: 105 deg C
Freezing/Melting Point: -35 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: Not applicable.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Solubility in water: Soluble.
Specific Gravity/Density: 1.175 @ 15.5C
Molecular Formula: HF
Molecular Weight: 20.01

Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. Hydrogen fluoride tends to associate by means of hydrogen bonds to form polymers in both the liquid and gaseous states, but this polymerization is not hazardous.
Conditions to Avoid:
Excess heat, confined spaces.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Metals, strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, acetic anhydride, alcohols, amines, Glass, concrete and other silicon-bearing materials will yield silicon tetrafluoride gas in contact with HFA.
Pressure build up from this process has been known to blow up glass containers., Carbonates, sulfides, and cyanides will yield toxic gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide..
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Hydrogen fluoride gas.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 7664-39-3: MW7875000 CAS# 7732-18-5: ZC0110000 LD50/LC50:
CAS# 7664-39-3: Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 342 ppm/1H; Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 5000 mg/m3/5M; Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 270 mg/m3/60M; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 1276 ppm/1H; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 1100 mg/m3/60M.
CAS# 7732-18-5: Oral, rat: LD50 = >90 mL/kg.
Human LCLo inhalation: 50 ppm/30M.
ppm/4H.
Carcinogenicity:
Hydrofluoric acid - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.
Water - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Ecotoxicity:
Fish (fresh water) 60 ppm lethal (time period not specified).

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Products which are considered hazardous for supply are classified as Special Waste and the disposal of such chemicals is covered by regulations which may vary according to location. Contact a specialist disposal company or the local waste regulator for advice. Empty containers must be decontaminated before returning for recycling.

Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Shipping Name: HYDROFLUORIC ACID
Hazard Class: 8 (6.1)
UN Number: 1790
Packing Group: II
IMO
Shipping Name: HYDROFLUORIC ACID
Hazard Class: 8 (6.1)
UN Number: 1790
Packing Group: II
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: HYDROFLUORIC ACID SOLUTION
Hazard Class: 8
UN Number: 1790
Packing group: II
USA RQ: CAS# 7664-39-3: 100 lb final RQ; 45.4 kg final RQ

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: T+ C
Risk Phrases:
R 26/27/28 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with
skin and if swallowed.
R 35 Causes severe burns.
Safety Phrases:
S 7/9 Keep container tightly closed and in a
well-ventilated place.
S 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately
with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37 Wear suitable protective clothing and
gloves.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 7664-39-3: 1
CAS# 7732-18-5: No information available.
Canada
CAS# 7664-39-3 is listed on Canadas DSL List.
CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on Canadas DSL List.
CAS# 7664-39-3 is listed on Canadas Ingredient Disclosure List.
CAS# 7732-18-5 is not listed on Canadas Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 7664-39-3 is listed on the TSCA inventory.
CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory.